Aya is an eBPF library for the Rust programming language, built with a focus on developer experience and operability.

Related tags

Cryptography rust security ebpf observability bpf
Overview

Aya

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Overview

eBPF is a technology that allows running user-supplied programs inside the Linux kernel. For more info see https://ebpf.io/what-is-ebpf.

Aya is an eBPF library built with a focus on operability and developer experience. It does not rely on libbpf nor bcc - it's built from the ground up purely in Rust, using only the libc crate to execute syscalls. With BTF support and when linked with musl, it offers a true compile once, run everywhere solution, where a single self-contained binary can be deployed on many linux distributions and kernel versions.

Some of the major features provided include:

  • Support for the BPF Type Format (BTF), which is transparently enabled when supported by the target kernel. This allows eBPF programs compiled against one kernel version to run on different kernel versions without the need to recompile.
  • Support for function call relocation and global data maps, which allows eBPF programs to make function calls and use global variables and initializers.
  • Async support with both tokio and async-std.
  • Easy to deploy and fast to build: aya doesn't require a kernel build or compiled headers, and not even a C toolchain; a release build completes in a matter of seconds.

Example

Aya supports a large chunk of the eBPF API. The following example shows how to use a BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB program with aya:

use std::fs::File;
use std::convert::TryInto;
use aya::Bpf;
use aya::programs::{CgroupSkb, CgroupSkbAttachType};

// load the BPF code
let mut bpf = Bpf::load_file("bpf.o")?;

// get the `ingress_filter` program compiled into `bpf.o`.
let ingress: &mut CgroupSkb = bpf.program_mut("ingress_filter")?.try_into()?;

// load the program into the kernel
ingress.load()?;

// attach th program to the root cgroup. `ingress_filter` will be called for all
// incoming packets.
let cgroup = File::open("/sys/fs/cgroup/unified")?;
ingress.attach(cgroup, CgroupSkbAttachType::Ingress)?;

Community

Join the conversation on Discord to discuss anything related to aya.

Contributing

Please see the contributing guide.

License

Aya is distributed under the terms of either the MIT license or the Apache License (version 2.0), at your option.

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in this crate by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.

Comments
  • aya: remove Rc<RefCell<T>> usage in BPF program links.

    aya: remove Rc> usage in BPF program links.

    This is a breaking change which transfers all ownership of a link to an eBPF program to the caller return value of the "attach" functions. This eliminates the overhead of Rc<RefCell>, as well as prevents the links section of ProgramData from growing without bound as programs are attached and detached.

    fix aya 
    opened by eero-thia 28
  • Add support for raw tracepoint and LSM programs

    Add support for raw tracepoint and LSM programs

    This change adds support for the following program types:

    • raw tracepoint
    • LSM

    Supporting LSM programs involved a necessity of supporting more load_attrs for the BPF_PROG_LOAD operation, concretely:

    • expected_attach_type - for LSM programs, it has always to be set to BPF_LSM_MAC
    • attach_btf_obj_fd - it's often used to reference the file descriptor of program's BTF info, altough in case of LSM programs, it only has to contain the value 0, which means the vmlinux object file (usually /sys/kernel/btf/vmlinux)
    • attach_btf_id - ID of the BTF object, which in case of LSM programs is the ID of the function (the LSM hook)

    The example of LSM program using that functionality can be found here:

    https://github.com/vadorovsky/aya-example-lsm

    Fixes: #9 Signed-off-by: William Findlay [email protected] Signed-off-by: Michal Rostecki [email protected]

    feature aya-bpf aya 
    opened by vadorovsky 18
  • regression introduced by d8d311738c974f3b6fad22006ab2b827d0925ce8: error parsing BPF object

    regression introduced by d8d311738c974f3b6fad22006ab2b827d0925ce8: error parsing BPF object

    Today I cargo update my project and suddenly I wasn't able to load my probes anymore, neither on x86_64 or ARMv7, in both cases I get a error parsing BPF object. It is caused by this line introduced by d8d311738c974f3b6fad22006ab2b827d0925ce8 and specifically the data.len() > sizeof(bpf_map_def) since in a lot of cases it'll result in something like 280 > 28, which is always true.

    If I use aya from a commit before that one, everything works flawlessly.

    An important note: on both platforms, all tests run correctly, meaning that loading an eBPF ELF is not really tested.

    opened by evilsocket 18
  • Support using handle in tc programs

    Support using handle in tc programs

    Implements step 1 of https://github.com/aya-rs/aya/issues/414.

    • Adds handle to the SchedClassifier attach API
    • Saves handle in the TcLink sruct and uses it when detaching programs

    NOTE: This pr changes the API, so I think it will require a bump in the Aya version.

    Signed-off-by: Andre Fredette [email protected]

    opened by anfredette 15
  • Make a macro similar to BPF_PROG

    Make a macro similar to BPF_PROG

    The cool thing about libbpf is that it defines the BPF_PROG macro which allows to provide typed arguments which are unpacked from the BPF program context:

    https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.14.13/source/tools/lib/bpf/bpf_tracing.h#L381

    So far aya doesn't provide such a macro and all aya-based BPF programs are unpacking the context by manually providing offsets, like:

    https://github.com/alessandrod/aya-echo-tracepoint/blob/main/echo-ebpf/src/main.rs#L35-L36

    It would be nice to have some macro which takes sized types and does the unpacking with offset automatically, without necessity of doing that manually.

    opened by vadorovsky 15
  • Implement Pinning For Maps and Programs

    Implement Pinning For Maps and Programs

    This commit adds 2 new methods to aya::sys

    • bpf_pin_object
    • bpf_get_object

    Which allow the pinning and retrieval of programs/maps to bpffs.

    For map pinning, the user must ensure the pinning u32 in the bpf_map_def is set to 1, maps will be pinned using a new builder API.

    BpfLoader::new().map_pin_path("/sys/fs/bpf/myapp").load_file("myapp.o")

    This will pin all maps whose definition requests pinning to path + name.

    Closes #45

    feature aya 
    opened by dave-tucker 14
  • SchedClassifier cannot be attached to interface.

    SchedClassifier cannot be attached to interface.

    I have a BPF object file that can be successfully attached to a NIC interface but failed by aya.

    use aya::Bpf;
use std::convert::TryInto;
use aya::programs::{tc, SchedClassifier, TcAttachType};

tc::qdisc_add_clsact("eth2")?;

let mut bpf = Bpf::load_file("bpf.o")?;

let prog: &mut SchedClassifier = bpf.program_mut("redirect_ingress")?.try_into()?;
prog.load()?;
prog.attach("eth2", TcAttachType::Ingress)?;

    I follows this code snippet, and no error was reported during the running time. But tc filter show commands shows nothing, and no log printed to /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_pipe.

    My BPF is fairly simple:

    TC_SEC("egress")
int egress(struct __sk_buff *skb)
{
	bpf_printk("hello bbbbbbpf");
	return TC_ACT_OK;
}

char __license[] __section("license") = "GPL";

    And compiled via

    clang -emit-llvm -I include -O2 -c bpf.c -o bpf.ir
llc -march=bpf -filetype=obj bpf.ir -o bpf.o
    opened by d0u9 11
  • aya-bpf: introduce argument coercion

    aya-bpf: introduce argument coercion

    This PR introduces argument coercion for pt_regs and BTF program types and implements it for kprobes, uprobes, LSM programs, and BTF tracepoints.

    You can see a more concrete example of using this API here.

    Features:

    • Uses a FromBtfArgs trait with blanket implementations to enable coercion to both primitive types and raw pointers
    • No need for the user to perform any kind of manual casting on the BPF side
    • Similar logic for pt_regs programs, abstracting over the PT_REGS access

    TODO:

    • Need to support architectures other than x86 for k/uprobe arguments (bindings need to be fixed)

    While I was at it, I modified the Cargo.toml file of aya-bpf-macros to fix broken doctests. Perhaps we should add doctests to the CI workflow?

    Closes #21

    feature aya-bpf 
    opened by willfindlay 11
  • Return non-error only when helper function returns `0` in queue map

    Return non-error only when helper function returns `0` in queue map

    As described in https://github.com/aya-rs/aya/issues/288, queue does not return error even calling pop() from the empty queue.

    This is because the helper functions (bpf_map_pop_elem()) does not return negative value for rust/aya correctly.

    The bpf_map_pop_elem() and bpf_map_push_elem() returns 0 on success - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/bpf-helpers.7.html, so this patch changes the condition as only 0 on success.

    Fix https://github.com/aya-rs/aya/issues/288

    opened by nak3 9
  • Support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT

    Support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT

    This PR add support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT

    These program types can be used to replace a function (freplace) of an already loaded BPF program. In order to to this we must ensure that when the main program is loaded, its BTF is also loaded into the kernel. This requires that we also provide func_info and line_info

    In order to load BTF to the kernel safely, this PR also implements feature probing. This allows us to detect BTF feature support and conditionally enable/disable parts of the loading process and/or fix the BTF provided by LLVM to work with the current running kernel.

    1. We properly adjust the func_info and line_info from the .BTF.ext ELF section, including in cases where we link functions from other ELF sections
    2. If a program contains a valid .BTF and .BTF.ext and section, we will load these in to the kernel
    3. We also set the program name in the BPF_PROG_LOAD syscall for ease of finding programs later

    As a result, when loading a BPF program (written in C, with BTF) we get line information included in the output from bpftool prog dump xlated, as well as the ability to inspect a loaded programs BTF with bpftool btf dump.

    The API for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT. The API is as follows:

    1. Get the program from the loaded BPF as usual let ext : &mut Extension = bpf.programs_mut("xdp_pass").unwrap().try_into()
    2. In order to load an Extension program, we need the BPF FD of the program we are targeting. This can be obtained from a LinkRef if we have one in scope, using LinkRef::fd(). Since it's likely that the root program may be pinned, I also implemented LinkRef::from_pinned_path().

    The API for load and attach is as follows:

    let prog_ref = LinkRef::from_pinned_path(path)?;
let link_fd = prog_ref.fd()?;
let pass: &mut Extension = bpf.program_mut("pass").unwrap().try_into()?;
pass.load(link_fd, "prog0".to_string())?;
pass.attach(link_fd)?;
    feature aya-bpf aya 
    opened by dave-tucker 9
  • Build error on macOS

    Build error on macOS 

    ❯ cargo xtask build-ebpf
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.44s
     Running `target/debug/xtask build-ebpf`
       Fresh core v0.0.0 (/Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core)
       Fresh unicode-ident v1.0.1
       Fresh rustc-std-workspace-core v1.99.0 (/Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/rustc-std-workspace-core)
       Fresh compiler_builtins v0.1.73
       Fresh proc-macro2 v1.0.39
       Fresh quote v1.0.18
       Fresh aya-bpf-cty v0.2.1 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#24597b15)
       Fresh aya-log-common v0.1.11-dev.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya-log?branch=main#1b0d3da1)
       Fresh test-common v0.1.0 (/private/tmp/test/test-common)
       Fresh syn v1.0.96
       Fresh aya-bpf-bindings v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#24597b15)
       Fresh aya-bpf-macros v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#24597b15)
       Fresh aya-log-ebpf-macros v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya-log?branch=main#1b0d3da1)
       Fresh aya-bpf v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#24597b15)
       Fresh aya-log-ebpf v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya-log?branch=main#1b0d3da1)
   Compiling test-ebpf v0.1.0 (/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf)
     Running `rustc --crate-name test --edition=2021 src/main.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat --crate-type bin --emit=dep-info,link -C opt-level=3 -C panic=abort -C lto -C codegen-units=1 -C metadata=2e82d0e5b2d39d7d -C extra-filename=-2e82d0e5b2d39d7d --out-dir /private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps --target bpfel-unknown-none -L dependency=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps -L dependency=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/debug/deps --extern aya_bpf=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libaya_bpf-8eafcb4491315b37.rlib --extern aya_log_ebpf=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libaya_log_ebpf-dab76645e270effc.rlib --extern 'noprelude:compiler_builtins=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libcompiler_builtins-fb7baa4459bc0f28.rlib' --extern 'noprelude:core=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libcore-ac93b7c2e8668cc4.rlib' --extern test_common=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libtest_common-46aaf21c6fd808b3.rlib -Z unstable-options`
error: linking with `bpf-linker` failed: exit status: 101
  |
  = note: "bpf-linker" "--export-symbols" "/var/folders/zf/ddjjdvfx7sbdpg9m2v_dzq6c0000gn/T/rustcI90ALy/symbols" "/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/test-2e82d0e5b2d39d7d.test.964645a3-cgu.0.rcgu.o" "-L" "/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps" "-L" "/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/debug/deps" "-L" "/Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/bpfel-unknown-none/lib" "--cpu" "generic" "--cpu-features" "" "-L" "/Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/bpfel-unknown-none/lib" "-o" "/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/test-2e82d0e5b2d39d7d" "-O3" "--debug"
  = note: Unable to find LLVM shared lib in possible locations:
          - /Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib
          - /private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/debug/deps
          - /Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib
          - /private/tmp/test/target/debug/deps
          - /private/tmp/test/target/debug
          - /Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib
          - /Users/weishu/lib
          - /usr/local/lib
          - /usr/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.cargo/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.cargo/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.cargo/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.pyenv/lib
          - /Users/weishu/perl5/lib
          - /opt/local/lib
          - /usr/local/lib
          - /usr/lib
          - /lib
          - /usr/lib
          - /Users/weishu/dev/env/android-sdk-macosx/lib
          - /usr/local/opt/binutils/lib
          - /usr/local/lib
          - /usr/lib
          - /lib
          - /usr/lib
          - /lib
          - /Applications/VMware Fusion.app/Contents/lib
          - /usr/local/go/lib
          - /Library/Apple/usr/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.cargo/lib
          - /Users/weishu/dev/env/android-sdk-macosx/lib
          - /usr/local/go/lib
          - /Users/weishu/.fzf/lib
          thread 'main' panicked at 'explicit panic', /Users/weishu/.cargo/registry/src/rsproxy.cn-8f6827c7555bfaf8/aya-rustc-llvm-proxy-0.4.0/src/lib.rs:66:17
          stack backtrace:
             0:        0x103b884d4 - std::backtrace_rs::backtrace::libunwind::trace::h3cae2b905fd8ac13
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/../../backtrace/src/backtrace/libunwind.rs:93:5
             1:        0x103b884d4 - std::backtrace_rs::backtrace::trace_unsynchronized::he35fb4c47e25f88c
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/../../backtrace/src/backtrace/mod.rs:66:5
             2:        0x103b884d4 - std::sys_common::backtrace::_print_fmt::hdb42afc2298dc41a
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/sys_common/backtrace.rs:66:5
             3:        0x103b884d4 - <std::sys_common::backtrace::_print::DisplayBacktrace as core::fmt::Display>::fmt::hc80096156cd24709
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/sys_common/backtrace.rs:45:22
             4:        0x103b9e49b - core::fmt::write::hb6b947db0e571766
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/core/src/fmt/mod.rs:1194:17
             5:        0x103b85c88 - std::io::Write::write_fmt::h59c4febf5f8fcb1e
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/io/mod.rs:1655:15
             6:        0x103b89ccd - std::sys_common::backtrace::_print::h72a3180302df7468
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/sys_common/backtrace.rs:48:5
             7:        0x103b89ccd - std::sys_common::backtrace::print::ha0747cec3f48ad89
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/sys_common/backtrace.rs:35:9
             8:        0x103b89ccd - std::panicking::default_hook::{{closure}}::h0e76f92bbb367061
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:295:22
             9:        0x103b899b1 - std::panicking::default_hook::hbbbb8c05ad6cce9a
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:314:9
            10:        0x103b8a24e - std::panicking::rust_panic_with_hook::ha581a2c99399f83b
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:698:17
            11:        0x103b657ab - std::panicking::begin_panic::{{closure}}::hc57fe083ca1eea73
            12:        0x103b65777 - std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_end_short_backtrace::h9620d44d0f370b03
            13:        0x103ba7b6d - std::panicking::begin_panic::hedb03f8528414ed1
            14:        0x103b6345a - std::sync::once::Once::call_once::{{closure}}::h80d062e613295e1b
            15:        0x103ba9c45 - std::sync::once::Once::call_inner::h8b33a57e6782c624
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/sync/once.rs:434:21
            16:        0x103b61c5f - _LLVMInitializeBPFTarget
            17:        0x103afb325 - bpf_linker::llvm::init::hdf4839966017a037
            18:        0x103af558f - bpf_linker::linker::Linker::link::h662e8b3751512a65
            19:        0x103aed566 - bpf_linker::main::h6ca1e7dc87cd9f3a
            20:        0x103af3126 - std::sys_common::backtrace::__rust_begin_short_backtrace::h8879b42cc2650929
            21:        0x103ae117c - std::rt::lang_start::{{closure}}::hcac71c8faace75ca
            22:        0x103b7fb5a - core::ops::function::impls::<impl core::ops::function::FnOnce<A> for &F>::call_once::h45b43bdd91db95dd
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/core/src/ops/function.rs:259:13
            23:        0x103b7fb5a - std::panicking::try::do_call::h249f439f16aa313c
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:492:40
            24:        0x103b7fb5a - std::panicking::try::ha8537a1873fa2ff9
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:456:19
            25:        0x103b7fb5a - std::panic::catch_unwind::hffa61ccaeb4f89c5
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panic.rs:137:14
            26:        0x103b7fb5a - std::rt::lang_start_internal::{{closure}}::h32bbf4c39987b002
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/rt.rs:128:48
            27:        0x103b7fb5a - std::panicking::try::do_call::h558936e01b59417c
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:492:40
            28:        0x103b7fb5a - std::panicking::try::h12a630e8ced1b46a
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panicking.rs:456:19
            29:        0x103b7fb5a - std::panic::catch_unwind::h539ca15d1ec773ea
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/panic.rs:137:14
            30:        0x103b7fb5a - std::rt::lang_start_internal::hdb19fe6764e59ca8
                                         at /rustc/fe5b13d681f25ee6474be29d748c65adcd91f69e/library/std/src/rt.rs:128:20
            31:        0x103aedd39 - _main


error: could not compile `test-ebpf` due to previous error

Caused by:
  process didn't exit successfully: `rustc --crate-name test --edition=2021 src/main.rs --error-format=json --json=diagnostic-rendered-ansi,artifacts,future-incompat --crate-type bin --emit=dep-info,link -C opt-level=3 -C panic=abort -C lto -C codegen-units=1 -C metadata=2e82d0e5b2d39d7d -C extra-filename=-2e82d0e5b2d39d7d --out-dir /private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps --target bpfel-unknown-none -L dependency=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps -L dependency=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/debug/deps --extern aya_bpf=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libaya_bpf-8eafcb4491315b37.rlib --extern aya_log_ebpf=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libaya_log_ebpf-dab76645e270effc.rlib --extern 'noprelude:compiler_builtins=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libcompiler_builtins-fb7baa4459bc0f28.rlib' --extern 'noprelude:core=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libcore-ac93b7c2e8668cc4.rlib' --extern test_common=/private/tmp/test/test-ebpf/../target/bpfel-unknown-none/debug/deps/libtest_common-46aaf21c6fd808b3.rlib -Z unstable-options` (exit status: 1)
thread 'main' panicked at 'assertion failed: status.success()', xtask/src/build_ebpf.rs:62:5
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace
    opened by tiann 8
  • Add program::links() and NetworkInterface

    Add program::links() and NetworkInterface

    I haven't finished testing but I wanted to open it early to corrections/conversation.

    NetworkInterface provides a way to store network interface indexes as well as retrieve an interface's name using the NetworkInterface.name() method.

    Interfaces can be created manually or retrieved via new .interface() methods on XdpLink and SchedClassifierLink.

    Interface names are extracted from the kernel for 2 reasons.

    1. Interface names can change within the kernel at anytime which aya will not be aware of.
    2. Names are not always available when a NetworkInterface is created. For example in the XdpLink .interface() implementation.

    A new method NetworkInterface::list() also provides a list of network interfaces from the kernel.

    opened by FallingSnow 1
  • add tracefs mount point select function

    add tracefs mount point select function

    This PR would to improve the access to tracefs.

    This is implemented with a single check to determine if the tracefs is mounted or not. It checks in two known locations, in order of priority:

    1. /sys/kernel/tracing
    2. /sys/kernel/debug/tracing

    Most of the systems have both tracefs and debugfs mounted, but in some hardened systems the kernel is compiled without debugfs or simply not mounted. Android documentation for example has a warning for debugfs in user builds.

    opened by banditopazzo 1
  • How do I get the payload of tcp

    How do I get the payload of tcp

    I want to calculate tcp cheksum by tcp payload, but in my tests, ctx.data() & ctx.data_end() just point to headers (eth/ip/tcp) . I tried to get it from the function "bpf_xdp_load_bytes", but there was an error "invalid func unknown#189" on startup.

    opened by YeautyYE 1
  • Publish all aya-bpf and aya-log-ebpf crates to crates.io?

    Publish all aya-bpf and aya-log-ebpf crates to crates.io?

    Only the following crates are available on crates.io: https://crates.io/crates/aya/0.11.0 https://crates.io/crates/aya-log/0.1.13 https://crates.io/crates/aya-log-common/0.1.13

    I think that covers the user space parts.

    However, everything else requires a github dependency: aya-bpf v0.1.0 aya-bpf-bindings v0.1.0 aya-bpf-cty v0.2.1 aya-bpf-macros v0.1.0 (proc-macro) aya-log-ebpf v0.1.0 aya-log-ebpf-macros v0.1.0 (proc-macro) aya-log-parser v0.1.11-dev.0

    Is there any blockers to getting these into crates.io?

    I'm not allowed to use github dependencies :(

    opened by OliverGavin 2
  • Cannot attach XDP BPF program in DRV_MODE

    Cannot attach XDP BPF program in DRV_MODE

    Hey! I am trying to use XDP in driver mode but it doesn't work:

    Caused by:
    0: netlink error while attaching XDP program
    1: Invalid argument (os error 22)

    I've been testing on Amazon Linux with two different kernels and ENA drivers:

    oligavin@dev] uname -r
5.4.209-129.367.amzn2.x86_64
oligavin@dev] modinfo ena | grep ^version
version:        2.7.4g

    [oligavin@ip-10-0-115-159]~% uname -r                   
5.10.118-111.515.amzn2.x86_64
[oligavin@ip-10-0-115-159]~% modinfo ena | grep ^version
version:        2.7.1g

    I have successfully been using AF_XDP (via another library) on 5.10 so I think this is an AYA issue.

    I would be happy to attempt a fix if you can guide me in the right direction :)

    Steps to reproduce

    Running the generated XDP program:

    oligavin@dev] cargo generate https://github.com/aya-rs/aya-template

⚠️   Favorite `https://github.com/aya-rs/aya-template` not found in config, using it as a git repository: https://github.com/aya-rs/aya-template
🤷   Project Name: test_xdp_driver_mode
⚠️   Renaming project called `test_xdp_driver_mode` to `test-xdp-driver-mode`...
🔧   Destination: /tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode ...
🔧   project-name: test-xdp-driver-mode ...
🔧   Generating template ...
✔ 🤷   Which type of eBPF program? · xdp
[ 1/34]   Done: .cargo/config.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[ 2/34]   Done: .cargo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              [ 3/34]   Done: .gitignore                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          [ 4/34]   Done: .vim/coc-settings.json                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              [ 5/34]   Done: .vim                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[ 6/34]   Done: .vscode/settings.json                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[ 7/34]   Done: .vscode                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[ 8/34]   Done: Cargo.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[ 9/34]   Done: README.md                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[10/34]   Done: xtask/Cargo.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[11/34]   Done: xtask/src/build_ebpf.rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[12/34]   Done: xtask/src/main.rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[13/34]   Done: xtask/src/run.rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[14/34]   Done: xtask/src                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[15/34]   Done: xtask                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[16/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode/Cargo.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[17/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode/src/main.rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[18/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode/src                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[19/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[20/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-common/Cargo.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[21/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-common/src/lib.rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[22/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-common/src                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[23/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-common                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[24/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/.cargo/config.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[25/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/.cargo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[26/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/.vim/coc-settings.json                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[27/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/.vim                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[28/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/.vscode/settings.json                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[29/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/.vscode                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[30/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/Cargo.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[31/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/rust-toolchain.toml                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[32/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/src/main.rs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[33/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf/src                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[34/34]   Done: test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
🔧   Moving generated files into: `/tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode`...
💡   Initializing a fresh Git repository
✨   Done! New project created /tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode

    oligavin@] cargo xtask run
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.03s
     Running `target/debug/xtask run`
       Fresh unicode-ident v1.0.5
       Fresh proc-macro2 v1.0.47
       Fresh core v0.0.0 (/local/home/oligavin/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core)
       Fresh rustc-std-workspace-core v1.99.0 (/local/home/oligavin/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/rustc-std-workspace-core)                                                                                                                     
       Fresh quote v1.0.21
       Fresh compiler_builtins v0.1.82
       Fresh rustversion v1.0.9
       Fresh syn v1.0.105
       Fresh aya-bpf-cty v0.2.1 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh test-xdp-driver-mode-common v0.1.0 (/tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode/test-xdp-driver-mode-common)
       Fresh num_enum_derive v0.5.7
       Fresh aya-bpf-macros v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-bpf-bindings v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh num_enum v0.5.7
       Fresh aya-bpf v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-log-common v0.1.13 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-log-parser v0.1.11-dev.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-log-ebpf-macros v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-log-ebpf v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf v0.1.0 (/tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode/test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf)
    Finished dev [optimized] target(s) in 0.39s
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.27s
Error: failed to attach the XDP program with default flags - try changing XdpFlags::default() to XdpFlags::SKB_MODE

Caused by:
    0: netlink error while attaching XDP program
    1: Invalid argument (os error 22)

    Modifying the XDP program to use SKB mode works

    test-xdp-driver-mode/src/main.rs:

    -    program.attach(&opt.iface, XdpFlags::default())
+    program.attach(&opt.iface, XdpFlags::SKB_MODE)

    oligavin@dev] RUST_LOG=DEBUG cargo xtask run
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.03s         
     Running `target/debug/xtask run`                              
       Fresh unicode-ident v1.0.5                                  
       Fresh proc-macro2 v1.0.47                                                   
       Fresh core v0.0.0 (/local/home/oligavin/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core)
       Fresh rustc-std-workspace-core v1.99.0 (/local/home/oligavin/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/rustc-std-workspace-core)
       Fresh quote v1.0.21                                                               
       Fresh compiler_builtins v0.1.82                             
       Fresh rustversion v1.0.9                                    
       Fresh syn v1.0.105                                                                                                         
       Fresh aya-bpf-cty v0.2.1 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh test-xdp-driver-mode-common v0.1.0 (/tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode/test-xdp-driver-mode-common)
       Fresh num_enum_derive v0.5.7                                
       Fresh aya-bpf-macros v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-bpf-bindings v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh num_enum v0.5.7                                       
       Fresh aya-bpf v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)
       Fresh aya-log-common v0.1.13 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)                                                                                                                                                                                                            
       Fresh aya-log-parser v0.1.11-dev.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)                                                                                                                                                                                                      
       Fresh aya-log-ebpf-macros v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)                                                                                                                                                                                                        
       Fresh aya-log-ebpf v0.1.0 (https://github.com/aya-rs/aya?branch=main#16b029ed)                                                                                                                                                                                                               
       Fresh test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf v0.1.0 (/tmp/testing/test-xdp-driver-mode/test-xdp-driver-mode-ebpf)                                                                                                                                                                                         
    Finished dev [optimized] target(s) in 0.38s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.27s                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BPF program name support: true                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF support: true                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF func support: true                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF global func support: false                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF var and datasec support: true                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF float support: false                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF decl_tag support: false                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::bpf] [FEAT PROBE] BTF type_tag support: false                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::obj::relocation] relocating program test_xdp_driver_mode function test_xdp_driver_mode                                                                                                                                                                             
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z DEBUG aya::obj::relocation] finished relocating program test_xdp_driver_mode function test_xdp_driver_mode                                                                                                                                                                    
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z INFO  test_xdp_driver_mode] Waiting for Ctrl-C...
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z INFO  test_xdp_driver_mode] received a packet
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z INFO  test_xdp_driver_mode] received a packet
[2022-12-06T20:34:41Z INFO  test_xdp_driver_mode] received a packet

    Modifying the XDP program to use DRV mode does not work

    test-xdp-driver-mode/src/main.rs:

    -    program.attach(&opt.iface, XdpFlags::default())
+    program.attach(&opt.iface, XdpFlags::DRV_MODE)

    Same error as I started with:

    Error: failed to attach the XDP program with default flags - try changing XdpFlags::default() to XdpFlags::SKB_MODE

Caused by:
    0: netlink error while attaching XDP program
    1: Invalid argument (os error 22)
    opened by OliverGavin 18
Releases(aya-log-v0.1.13)

  • aya-log-v0.1.13(Nov 16, 2022)

  • aya-log-common-v0.1.13(Nov 16, 2022)

  • aya-log-v0.1.11(Sep 1, 2022)

  • aya-log-common-v0.1.11(Sep 1, 2022)

  • aya-v0.11.0(Jun 6, 2022)

    🚀 Features

    • aya: rework links
      • PR: #249
    • aya: Implement forget_link
      • PR: #253
    • Add support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL
      • PR: #256
    • Add Support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR
      • PR: #261
    • Add support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT
      • PR: #268
    • Add riscv64 architecture support to xtask/codegen
      • PR: #275
    • riscv scaffolding for codegen
      • PR: #278
    • Add riscv64 bindings
      • PR: #280
    • Add support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_LOOKUP
      • PR: #265
    • Program unload API
      • PR: #264

    🐛 Fixes and 🤏 Small Changes

    • aya: perf_buffer: call BytesMut::reserve() internally
      • PR: #243
    • aya: Support multiple maps in map sections
      • PR: #181
    • aya-gen: Disable Debug derive for BTF types
      • PR: #250
    • aya: Relocate maps using symbol_index
      • PR: #252
    • Set attach type during load for BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB
      • PR: #263
    • aya: Export program modules
      • PR: #281
    • Getters be gone
      • PR: #293
    • Codegen changes for RingBuf
      • PR: #295
    • aya: Rename forget_link to take_link
      • PR: #306

    🤝 Dependencies and 🤖 Generated Code

    • Update libbpf to 3a4e26307d0f9b227e3ebd28b443a1a715e4e17d
      • PR: #251
    • xtask: Add bpf_.* instead of bpf_map_.* to allowed type
      • PR: #266
    • Update libbpf to 86eb09863c1c0177e99c2c703092042d3cdba910
      • PR: #267
    • Update libbpf to 4eb6485c08867edaa5a0a81c64ddb23580420340
      • PR: #296

    📃 Documentation

    • xtask: Add docs build
      • PR: #259
    • Add Netlify Config and Update README
      • PR: #260
    • xtask: Add all crates to sidebar
      • PR: #273
    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)

  • aya-v0.10.7(Mar 19, 2022)

    🚀 Features

    • Support for fentry and fexit programs
      • PR: #139
    • Mark .rodata maps as readonly and freeze on load
      • PR: #146
    • Support for BPF_PROG_TYPE_EXT
      • PR: #127
    • btf: Add support for BTF_TYPE_KIND_{TAG,DECL_TAG}
      • PR: #168
    • Add support for BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE
      • PR: #161

    🐛 Fixes and 🤏 Small Changes

    • fix: make maps compatible with kernel <= 4.14
      • PR: #107
    • Use current kernel version as default if not specified
      • PR: #109
    • update some cfgs to get rid of the annoying warnings
      • PR: #111
    • bpf: Fix cgroup_skb macro
      • PR: #112
    • Support k/uprobes on older kernels.
      • PR: #108
    • Add wrapper and docs for for bpf_get_current_uid_gid
      • PR: #114
    • aya: expand include_bytes_aligned to accept expressions.
      • PR: #122
    • aya: programs_mut iterator to complement programs.
      • PR: #121
    • aya: close file descriptors on Map drop.
      • PR: #116
    • aya: remove unnecessary usage of &dyn trait in favor of impl trait.
      • PR: #115
    • aya: use correct program name when relocating
      • PR: #130
    • aya: eliminate name duplication in maps and programs.
      • PR: #120
    • aya: Remove unnecessary unsafe markers on map iteration.
      • PR: #131
    • obj: Improve section detection
      • PR: #125
    • Implement Pod for u128 and i128
      • PR: #136
    • aya: allocate func/line_info buffers outside if
      • PR: #158
    • aya: Retrieve program from pinned path
      • PR: #165
    • aya: Fix BTF type resolution for Arrays and Ints
      • PR: #169
    • aya: Truncate long program names
      • PR: #171
    • aya: Fix name truncation
      • PR: #172
    • btf: fix sanitization if BTF_FUNC_GLOBAL is not supported
      • PR: #174
    • Add fixup for FuncProto
      • PR: #173
    • aya: Fix BTF verifier output
      • PR: #164
    • aya: Merge Fixup and Sanitzation to single step
      • PR: #175
    • relocate .text references
      • PR: #177
    • btf: Replace / in DATASEC before load to kernel
      • PR: #179
    • aya: implement Pod for arrays of Pod types
      • PR: #224
    • aya: Fix Loading from cgroup/skb sections
      • PR: #229
    • Fix socket_filter section match
      • PR: #228

    🧪 Tests

    • github: Set toolchain override
      • PR: #138
    • ci: Use crabby-the-crab
      • PR: #135
    • .github: force push to codegen branch
      • PR: #144
    • ci: Add autogenerated release notes
      • PR: #152
    • ci: Add dependencies/codegen/docs to rel notes
      • PR: #154
    • test: Add regression tests
      • PR: #160
    • Regression Test Framework Improvements
      • PR: #182
    • ci: Fix image build workflow
      • PR: #183
    • ci: lint: aya: Skip doctests with miri
      • PR: #232

    🤝 Dependencies and 🤖 Generated Code

    • Update libbpf to 93e89b34740c509406e948c78a404dd2fba67b8b
      • PR: #134
    • codegen: Add more bindings
      • PR: #143
    • Update libbpf to 19656636a9b9a2de1f71fa3135709295c16701cc
      • PR: #145
    • Add bpf_lpm_trie_key to bindings
      • PR: #162
    • Update libbpf to 22411acc4b2c846868fd570b2d9f3b016d2af2cb
      • PR: #163
    • codegen: add btf_decl_tag
      • PR: #166
    • Update libbpf to be89b28f96be426e30a2b0c5312d13b30ee518c7
      • PR: #167

    📃 Documentation

    • aya: document the public api
      • PR: #157
    • Fix typo in README.md
      • PR: #234
    • fix typo in aya/src/programs/fentry.rs
      • PR: #237
    • bpf: Improve documentation of set_global method
      • PR: #238
    Source code(tar.gz)
    Source code(zip)
Owner
null
GitHub https://aya-rs.github.io/book/
EXPERIMENTAL: Bitcoin Core Prometheus exporter based on User-Space, Statically Defined Tracing and eBPF.

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Built for Perpetual Protocol v2 Curie on Optimism chain. This CLI tool was built with Rust.

Perpetual Protocol CLI for Perp v2 Curie This tool is to provide a simple, fast and efficient way to interact Perpetual Protocol contracts from your t

Brendan Wenzel 4 Jan 11, 2023
An extensible and practical demonstration of constructing evm-based sandwich attacks built with ethers-rs and Huff language.

subway-rs • Construct evm-based sandwich attacks using Rust and Huff. Getting Started subway-rs is a port of libevm's original subway, implemented wit

refcell.eth 230 Apr 25, 2023
A low-level assembly language for the Ethereum Virtual Machine built in blazing-fast pure rust.

huff-rs • huff-rs is a Huff compiler built in rust. What is a Huff? Huff is a low-level programming language designed for developing highly optimized

Huff 276 Dec 31, 2022
A bitcoin vanity address generator written with the Rust programming language.

btc-vanity A bitcoin vanity address generator written with the Rust programming language. With btc-vanity you can create a private key which has a com

Emirhan TALA 22 Aug 7, 2023
A typed Chia programming language targeting CLVM bytecode.

Rue Lang Rue is a typed programming language which gets compiled to CLVM bytecode. It's designed to be an alternative to Chialisp for writing on-chain

Rigidity 18 Jul 8, 2024
Zerocaf: A library built for EC operations in Zero Knowledge.

Dusk-Zerocaf WARNING: WIP Repo. Fast, efficient and bulletproof-friendly cryptographic operations. This repository contains an implementation of the S

Dusk Network 50 Oct 31, 2022
Built on the Substrate-based runtime, this repository develops the Paralink Network, a cross-chain Oracle platform for secure and scalable data integration. Our goal is to create a robust infrastructure that ensures efficient and reliable data transmission across blockchain networks.

Getting Started This repository contains Substrate based runtime for Paralink Network. Makefile This project uses a Makefile to document helpful comma

hylcore 4 Aug 14, 2024
Rusty Hog is a secret scanner built in Rust for performance, and based on TruffleHog which is written in Python.

Rusty Hog is a secret scanner built in Rust for performance, and based on TruffleHog which is written in Python. Rusty Hog provides the following bina

New Relic 306 Jan 4, 2023
Employ your built-in wetware pattern recognition and signal processing facilities to understand your network traffic

Nethoscope Employ your built-in wetware pattern recognition and signal processing facilities to understand your network traffic. Check video on how it

Vesa Vilhonen 86 Dec 5, 2022
Ingraind - a security monitoring agent built around RedBPF for complex containerized environments and endpoints.

ingraind is a security monitoring agent built around RedBPF for complex containerized environments and endpoints. The ingraind agent uses eBPF probes to provide safe and performant instrumentation for any Linux-based environment.

KingoOo 5 Apr 6, 2022
A tutorial for an NFT Market Place Built with Near Protocol and React.js

nft-marketplace-part-1 A tutorial for an NFT Market Place built using Near Protocol and React.js. Preview To run this app locally, follow below steps:

Kohwo Orien 5 Jun 29, 2022
CosmWasm-Examples is a collection of example contracts and applications built using the CosmWasm framework

CosmWasm-Examples is a collection of example contracts and applications built using the CosmWasm framework. CosmWasm is a secure and efficient smart contract platform designed specifically for the Cosmos ecosystem.

Vitalii Tsyhulov 20 Jun 9, 2023