This PR contains the following updates:
| Package | Type | Update | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| clap | dependencies | major | ^2.29.0 -> ^4.0.18 |
Release Notes
clap-rs/clap
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Fixes
- (derive) Allow
#[command(skip)] to also work with enum variants with a value
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Fixes
- Allow using
Arg::last(true) with Arg::value_hint(ValueHint::CommandWithArguments)
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Fixes
Arg::exclusive(true) should not be exclusive with the argument's own ArgGroup
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Fixes
- (error) Don't suggest
-- when it doesn't help
- (error) Be more consistent in quoting, punctuation, and indentation in errors
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Fixes
- Only put
ArgGroup in ArgMatches when explicitly specified, fixing derives handling of option-flattened fields (#4375)
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Features
- (derive) Allow
() for fields to mean "don't read" (#4371)
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Features
- Added
TypedValueParser::try_map for when adapting an existing TypedValueParser can fail
- (error) Create errors like clap with
Error::new, Error::with_cmd, and Error::insert
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Fixes
- (help) Fix wrapping calculations with ANSI escape codes
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Features
- (derive) Support
#[arg(flatten)] on Option types (#4211, #4350)
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Fixes
- (derive) Process doc comments for
#[command(subcommand)] like in clap v3
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Fixes
- (derive) Remove a low-value assert preventing defaulting
Help and Version actions
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Features
- (derive) Populate implicit ArgGroup (#3165)
Fixes
- (derive) Support
#[group(skip)] on Parser derive
- (derive) Tell users about implicit arg groups when running into group name conflicts
- (error) Don't report unrelated groups in conflict or requires errors
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Features
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Fixes
- (error) Specialize the self-conflict error to look like clap v3
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Fixes
- (error) Quote literals consistently
- (error) Stylize escape (
--) suggestions
- (error) Format help flag as a literal
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Fixes
- (parser)
SetFalse should conflict with itself like SetTrue and Set
- (parser) Allow one-off overrides
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Fixes
- (derive) Allow
#[command(skip)] to also work with enum variants with a value
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Highlights
Arg::num_args(range)
Clap has had several ways for controlling how many values will be captured without always being clear on how they interacted, including
Arg::multiple_values(true)Arg::number_of_values(4)Arg::min_values(2)Arg::max_values(20)Arg::takes_value(true)
These have now all been collapsed into Arg::num_args which accepts both
single values and ranges of values. num_args controls how many raw arguments
on the command line will be captured as values per occurrence and independent
of value delimiters.
See Issue 2688 for more background.
Polishing Help
Clap strives to give a polished CLI experience out of the box with little
ceremony. With some feedback that has accumulated over time, we took this
release as an opportunity to re-evaluate our --help output to make sure it is
meeting that goal.
In doing this evaluation, we wanted to keep in mind:
- Whether other CLIs had ideas that make sense to apply
- Providing an experience that fits within the rest of applications and works across all shells
Before:
git
A fictional versioning CLI
USAGE:
git <SUBCOMMAND>
OPTIONS:
-h, --help Print help information
SUBCOMMANDS:
add adds things
clone Clones repos
help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
push pushes things
stash
After:
A fictional versioning CLI
Usage: git <COMMAND>
Commands:
clone Clones repos
push pushes things
add adds things
stash
help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
Options:
-h, --help Print help information
- name/version header was removed because we couldn't justify the space it occupied when
- Usage already includes the name
--version is available for showing the same thing (if the program has a version set)
- Usage was dropped to one line to save space
- Focus is put on the subcommands
- Headings are now Title case
- The more general term "command" is used rather than being explicit about being "subcommands"
- The output is more dense with the expectation that it won't affect legibility but will allow more content
- We've moved to a more neutral palette for highlighting elements (not highlighted above)
In talking to users, we found some that liked clap's man-like experience.
When deviating from this, we are making the assumption that those are more
power users and that the majority of users wouldn't look as favorably on being
consistent with man.
See Issue 4132 for more background.
More Dynamicism
Clap's API has focused on &str for performance but this can make
dealing with owned data difficult, like #[arg(default_value_t)] generating a
String from the default value.
Additionally, to avoid ArgMatches from borrowing (and for some features we
decided to forgo), clap took the &str argument IDs and hashed them. This
prevented us from providing a usable API for iterating over existing arguments.
Now clap has switched to a string newtype that gives us the flexibility to
decide whether to use &'static str, Cow<'static, str> for fast dynamic behavior, or
Box<str> for dynamic behavior with small binary size.
As an extension of that work, you can now call ArgMatches::ids to iterate
over the arguments and groups that were found when parsing. The newtype Id
was used to prevent some classes of bugs and to make it easier to understand
when opaque Ids are used vs user-visible strings.
Clearing Out Deprecations
Instead of doing all development on clap 4.0.0, we implemented a lot of new features during clap 3's development, deprecating the old API while introducing the new API, including:
- Replacing the implicit behavior for args when parsing them with
ArgAction
- Replacing various one-off forms of value validation with the
ValueParser API
- Allowing derives to automatically do the right thing for
PathBuf (allowing invalid UTF-8)
- Replacing
AppSettings and ArgSettings enums with getters/setters
- Clarifying terms and making them more consistent
Migrating
Steps:
- Upgrade to v3 if you haven't already
- Add CLI tests (including example below),
-h and --help output at a minimum (recommendation: trycmd for snapshot testing)
- If using Builder API: Explicitly set the
arg.action(ArgAction::...) on each argument (StoreValue for options and IncOccurrences for flags)
- Run
cargo check --features clap/deprecated and resolve all deprecation warnings
- Upgrade to v4
- Update feature flags
- If
default-features = false, run cargo add clap -F help,usage,error-context
- Run
cargo add clap -F wrap_help unless you want to hard code line wraps
- Resolve compiler errors
- Resolve behavior changes (see "subtle changes" under BREAKING CHANGES)
- At your leisure: resolve new deprecation notices
Example test (derive):
#[derive(clap::Parser)]
struct Cli {
...
}
#[test]
fn verify_cli() {
use clap::CommandFactory;
Cli::command().debug_assert()
}
Example test (builder):
fn cli() -> clap::Command {
...
}
#[test]
fn verify_cli() {
cli().debug_assert();
}
Note: the idiomatic / recommended way of specifying different types of args in the Builder API has changed:
Before
.arg(Arg::new("flag").long("flag")) # --flag
.arg(Arg::new("option").long("option").takes_value(true)) # --option <option>
After:
.arg(Arg::new("flag").long("flag").action(ArgAction::SetTrue)) # --flag
.arg(Arg::new("option").long("option")) # --option <option>
In particular, num_args (the replacement for takes_value) will default appropriately
from the ArgAction and generally only needs to be set explicitly for the
other num_args use cases.
Breaking Changes
Subtle changes (i.e. compiler won't catch):
arg! now sets one of (#3795):
ArgAction::SetTrue, requiring ArgMatches::get_flag instead of ArgMatches::is_presentArgAction::Count, requiring ArgMatches::get_count instead of ArgMatches::occurrences_ofArgAction::Set, requiring ArgMatches::get_one instead of ArgMatches::value_ofArgAction::Append, requiring ArgMatches::get_many instead of ArgMatches::values_of
ArgAction::Set, ArgAction::SetTrue, and Arg::Action::SetFalse now
conflict by default to be like ArgAction::StoreValue and
ArgAction::IncOccurrences, requiring cmd.args_override_self(true) to override instead (#4261)- By default, an
Args default action is ArgAction::Set, rather than ArgAction::IncOccurrence to reduce confusing magic through consistency (#2687, #4032, see also #3977)
mut_arg can no longer be used to customize help and version arguments, instead disable them (Command::disable_help_flag, Command::disable_version_flag) and provide your own (#4056)- Removed lifetimes from
Command, Arg, ArgGroup, and PossibleValue, assuming 'static. string feature flag will enable support for Strings (#1041, #2150, #4223)
arg!(--flag <value>) is now optional, instead of required. Add .required(true) at the end to restore the original behavior (#4206)- Added default feature flags,
help, usage and error-context, requiring adding them back in if default-features = false (#4236)
- (parser) Always fill in
"" argument for external subcommands to make it easier to distinguish them from built-in commands (#3263)
- (parser) Short flags now have higher precedence than hyphen values with
Arg::allow_hyphen_values, to be consistent with Command::allow_hyphen_values (#4187)
- (parser)
Arg::value_terminator must be its own argument on the CLI rather than being in a delimited list (#4025)
- (help) Line wrapping of help is now behind the existing
wrap_help feature flag, either enable it or hard code your wraps (#4258)
- (help) Make
DeriveDisplayOrder the default and removed the setting. To sort help, set next_display_order(None) (#2808)
- (help) Subcommand display order respects
Command::next_display_order instead of DeriveDisplayOrder and using its own initial display order value (#2808)
- (help) Subcommands are now listed before arguments. To get the old behavior, see
Command::help_template (#4132)
- (help) Help headings are now title cased, making any user-provided help headings inconsistent. To get the old behavior, see
Command::help_template, Arg::help_heading, and Command::subcommand_help_heading (#4132)
- (help) "Command" is used as the section heading for subcommands and
COMMAND for the value name. To get the old behavior, see Command::subcommand_help_heading and Arg::subcommand_value_name (#4132, #4155)
- (help) Whitespace in help output is now trimmed to ensure consistency regardless of how well a template matches the users needs. (#4132, #4156)
- (help) name/version/author are removed by default from help output. To get the old behavior, see
Command::help_template. (#4132, #4160)
- (help) Indentation for second-line usage changed. (#4132, #4188)
- (env) Parse
--help and --version like any ArgAction::SetTrue flag (#3776)
- (derive) Leave
Arg::id as verbatim casing, requiring updating of string references to other args like in conflicts_with or requires (#3282)
- (derive) Doc comments for
ValueEnum variants will now show up in --help (#3312)
- (derive) When deriving
Args, and ArgGroup is created using the type's name, reserving it for future use (#2621, #4209)
- (derive)
next_help_heading can now leak out of a #[clap(flatten)], like all other command settings (#4222)
Easier to catch changes:
- Looking up a group in
ArgMatches now returns the arg Ids, rather than the values to reduce overhead and offer more flexibility. (#4072)
- Changed
Arg::number_of_values (average-across-occurrences) to Arg::num_args (per-occurrence) (raw CLI args, not parsed values) (#2688, #4023)
num_args(0) no longer implies takes_value(true).multiple_values(true) (#4023)num_args(1) no longer implies multiple_values(true) (#4023)- Does not check default or env values, only what the user explicitly passes in (#4025)
- No longer terminates on delimited values (#4025)
- Replace
Arg::min_values (across all occurrences) with Arg::num_args(N..) (per occurrence) to reduce confusion over different value count APIs (#4023)
- Replace
Arg::max_values (across all occurrences) with Arg::num_args(1..=M) (per occurrence) to reduce confusion over different value count APIs (#4023)
- Replace
Arg::multiple_values(true) with Arg::num_args(1..) and Arg::multiple_values(false) with Arg::num_args(0) to reduce confusion over different value count APIs (#4023)
- Replace
Arg::takes_value(true) with Arg::num_args(1) and Arg::takes_value(false) with Arg::num_args(0) to reduce confusion over different value count APIs
- Remove
Arg::require_value_delimiter, either users could use Arg::value_delimiter or implement a custom parser with TypedValueParser as it was mostly to make multiple_values(true) act like multiple_values(false) and isn't needed anymore (#4026)
Arg::new("help") and Arg::new("version") no longer implicitly disable the
built-in flags and be copied to all subcommands, instead disable
the built-in flags (Command::disable_help_flag,
Command::disable_version_flag) and mark the custom flags as global(true). (#4056)Arg::short('h') no longer implicitly disables the short flag for help,
instead disable
the built-in flags (Command::disable_help_flag,
Command::disable_version_flag) provide your own Arg::new("help").long("help").action(ArgAction::Help).global(true). (#4056)ArgAction::SetTrue and ArgAction::SetFalse now prioritize Arg::default_missing_value over their standard behavior (#4000)- Changed
Arg::requires_ifs and Arg::default_value*_ifs* to taking an ArgPredicate, removing ambiguity with None when accepting owned and borrowed types (#4084)
- Removed
PartialEq and Eq from Command so we could change external subcommands to use a ValueParser (#3990)
- Various
Arg, Command, and ArgGroup calls were switched from accepting &[] to [] via IntoIterator to be more flexible (#4072)
Arg::short_aliases and other builder functions that took &[] need the & dropped (#4081)ErrorKind and Result moved into the error moduleErrorKind::EmptyValue replaced with ErrorKind::InvalidValue to remove an unnecessary special case (#3676, #3968)ErrorKind::UnrecognizedSubcommand replaced with ErrorKind::InvalidSubcommand to remove an unnecessary special case (#3676)- Changed the default type of
allow_external_subcommands from String to OsString as that is less likely to cause bugs in user applications (#3990)
- (help)
Command::render_usage now returns a StyledStr (#4248)
- (derive) Changed the default for arguments from
parse to value_parser, removing parse support (#3827, #3981)
#[clap(value_parser)] and #[clap(action)] are now redundant
- (derive)
subcommand_required(true).arg_required_else_help(true) is set instead of SubcommandRequiredElseHelp to give more meaningful errors when subcommands are missing and to reduce redundancy (#3280)
- (derive) Remove
arg_enum attribute in favor of value_enum to match the new name (we didn't have support in v3 to mark it deprecated) (#4127)
- (parser) Assert when the CLI looksup an unknown args when external subcommand support is enabled to help catch bugs (#3703)
- (assert) Sometimes
Arg::default_missing_value didn't require num_args(0..=N), now it does (#4023)
- (assert) Leading dashes in
Arg::long are no longer allowed (#3691)
- (assert) Disallow more
value_names than num_args (#2695)
- (assert) Always enforce that version is specified when the
ArgAction::Version is used
- (assert) Add missing
#[track_caller]s to make it easier to debug asserts
- (assert) Ensure
overrides_with IDs are valid
- (assert) Ensure no self-
overrides_with now that Actions replace it
- (assert) Ensure subcommand names are not duplicated
- (assert) Assert on
mut_arg receiving an invalid arg ID or mut_subcommand receiving an invalid command name
Compatibility
MSRV is now 1.60.0
Deprecated
Arg::use_value_delimiter in favor of Arg::value_delimiter to avoid having multiple ways of doing the same thingArg::requires_all in favor of Arg::requires_ifs now that it takes an ArgPredicate to avoid having multiple ways of doing the same thingArg::number_of_values in favor of Arg::num_args to clarify semantic differencesdefault_value_os, default_values_os, default_value_if_os, and default_value_ifs_os as the non _os variants now accept either a str or an OsStr (#4141)Arg::env_os in favor of Arg::envCommand::dont_collapse_args_in_usage is now the default (#4151)Command::trailing_var_arg in favor of Arg::trailing_var_arg to make it clearer which arg it is meant to apply to (#4187)Command::allow_hyphen_values in favor of Arg::allow_hyphen_values to make it clearer which arg it is meant to apply to (#4187)Command::allow_negative_numbers in favor of Arg::allow_negative_numbers to make it clearer which arg it is meant to apply to (#4187)- (help) Deprecated
Command::write_help and Command::write_long_help in favor of Command::render_help and Command::render_long_help (#4248)
- (derive)
structopt and clap attributes in favor of the more specific command, arg, and value to open the door for more features and clarify relationship to the builder (#1807, #4180)
- (derive)
#[clap(value_parser)] and #[clap(action)] defaulted attributes (its the default) (#3976)
Behavior Changes
- (help) With
wrap_help feature, if the terminal size cannot be determined, LINES and COLUMNS variables are used (#4186)
Features
Arg::num_args now accepts ranges, allowing setting both the minimum and maximum number of values per occurrence (#2688, #4023)- Allow non-bool
value_parsers for ArgAction::SetTrue / ArgAction::SetFalse (#4092)
- Add
From<&OsStr>, From<OsString>, From<&str>, and From<String> to value_parser! (#4257)
- Allow resetting most builder methods
- Can now pass runtime generated data to
Command, Arg, ArgGroup, PossibleValue, etc without managing lifetimes with the string feature flag (#2150, #4223)
- New default
error-context, help and usage feature flags that can be turned off for smaller binaries (#4236)
- Added
StyledStr::ansi() to Display with ANSI escape codes (#4248)
- (error)
Error::apply for changing the formatter for dropping binary size (#4111)
- (error)
Error::renderfor formatting the error into a StyledStr
- (help) Show
PossibleValue::help in long help (--help) (#3312)
- (help) New
{tab} variable for Command::help_template (#4161)
- (help)
Command::render_help and Command::render_long_help for formatting the error into a StyledStr (#3873, #4248)
- (help)
Command::render_usage now returns a StyledStr (#4248)
Fixes
- Verify
required is not used with conditional required settings (#3660)
- Replaced
cmd.allow_invalid_for_utf8_external_subcommands with cmd.external_subcommand_value_parser (#3733)
Arg::default_missing_value now applies per occurrence rather than if a value is missing across all occurrences (#3998)arg!(--long [value]) to accept 0..=1 per occurrence rather than across all occurrences, making it safe to use with ArgAction::Append (#4001)- Allow
OsStrs for Arg::{required_if_eq,required_if_eq_any,required_if_eq_all} (#4084)
- (help) With
wrap_help feature, if the terminal size cannot be determined, LINES and COLUMNS variables are used (#4186)
- (help) Use
Command::display_name in the help title rather than Command::bin_name
- (help) Show when a flag is
ArgAction::Count by adding an ... (#4003)
- (help) Use a more neutral palette for coloring (#4132, #4117)
- (help) Don't rely on ALL CAPS for help headers (#4132, #4123)
- (help) List subcommands first, focusing the emphasis on them (#4132, #4125)
- (help) Do not include global args in
cmd help help (#4131)
- (help) Use
[positional] in list when relevant (#4144)
- (help) Show all
[positional] in usage (#4151)
- (help) Polish up subcommands by referring to them as commands (#4132, #4155)
- (help) Trim extra whitespace to avoid artifacts from different uses of templates (#4132, #4156)
- (help) Hint to the user the difference between
-h / --help when applicable (#4132, #4159)
- (help) Shorten help by eliding name/version/author (#4132, #4160)
- (help) When short help is long enough to activate
next_line_help, don't add blank lines (#4132, #4190)
- (help) Make help output more dense (reducing horizontal whitespace) (#4132, #4192)
- (help) Separate subcommand flags with "," like option flags (#4232, #4235)
- (help) Quote the suggested help flag (#4220)
- (version) Use
Command::display_name rather than Command::bin_name (#3966)
- (parser) Always fill in
"" argument for external subcommands (#3263)
- (parser) Short flags now have higher precedence than hyphen values with
Arg::allow_hyphen_values, like Command::allow_hyphen_values (#4187)
- (parser) Prefer
InvalidSubcommand over UnknownArgument in more cases (#4219)
- (derive) Detect escaped external subcommands that look like built-in subcommands (#3703)
- (derive) Leave
Arg::id as verbatim casing (#3282)
- (derive) Default to
#[clap(value_parser, action)] instead of #[clap(parse)] (#3827)
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[3.2.22] - 2022-09-16
Fixes
- Unify dependencies on
terminal_size to the 0.2 release
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[3.2.21] - 2022-09-12
Features
TypedValueParser::map to allow reusing existing value parsers for other purposes
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[3.2.20] - 2022-09-02
Features
ArgMatches::get_count help for ArgAction::CountArgMatches::get_flag help for ArgAction::SetTrue / ArgAction::SetFalse
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[3.2.19] - 2022-08-30
Fixes
- (help) Ensure required arguments for parent commands aren't shown in their subcommands when using
args_conflicts_with_subcommand
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Fixes
- (help)
Command::print_help now respects Command::colored_help
- (derive) Improved error messages
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Fixes
- (derive) Expose
#[clap(id = ...)] attribute to match Arg's latest API
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Fixes
- Ensure required arguments appear in errors when they are also members of a group (#4004)
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Features
- (derive) New
default_values_t and default_values_os_t attributes
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Fixes
- A
multiple_values positional followed by another positional now works with multiple flags
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Documentation
- Pulled in tutorials, cookbook, and derive reference into rustdoc
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Fixes
- Allow an arg to declare a conflict with a group
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Features
- Added
Arg::get_all_short_aliaes and Arg::get_all_aliases
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Fixes
- Loosen lifetime on
Command::mut_subcommand
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Features
- Added
Command::mut_subcommand to mirror Command::mut_arg
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Fixes
- Global arguments should override env-sourced arguments
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Fixes
- Don't panic when parsing
--=
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Fixes
- (derive) Fix regression with
#[clap(default_value_os_t ...)] introduced in v3.2.3
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Fixes
- (derive) Provide more clearer deprecation messages for
#[clap(parse)] attribute (#3832)
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Fixes
- Moved deprecations to be behind the
deprecated Cargo.toml feature (#3830)
- For now, it is disabled by default though we are considering enabling it by
default as we release the next major version to help draw attention to the
deprecation migration path
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Fixes
- (derive) Improve the highlighted code for deprecation warnings
gated behind unstable-v4
- (derive) Default to
#[clap(value_parser, action)] instead of #[clap(parse)] (#3827)
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Fixes
- (help)
Command::print_help now respects Command::colored_help
- (derive) Improved error messages
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Compatibility
MSRV is now 1.56.0 (#3732)
Behavior
- Defaults no longer satisfy
required and its variants (#3793)
- When misusing
ArgMatches::value_of and friends, debug asserts were turned into panics
Moving (old location deprecated)
clap::{PossibleValue, ValueHint} to clap::builder::{PossibleValue, ValueHint}clap::{Indices, OsValues, ValueSource, Values} to clap::parser::{Indices, OsValues, ValueSource, Values}clap::ArgEnum to clap::ValueEnum (#3799)
Replaced
Arg::allow_invalid_utf8 with Arg::value_parser(value_parser!(PathBuf)) (#3753)Arg::validator / Arg::validator_os with Arg::value_parser (#3753)Arg::validator_regex with users providing their own builder::TypedValueParser (#3756)Arg::forbid_empty_values with builder::NonEmptyStringValueParser / builder::PathBufValueParser (#3753)Arg::possible_values with Arg::value_parser([...]), builder::PossibleValuesParser, or builder::EnumValueParser (#3753)Arg::max_occurrences with arg.action(ArgAction::Count).value_parser(value_parser!(u8).range(..N)) for flags (#3797)Arg::multiple_occurrences with ArgAction::Append or ArgAction::Count though positionals will need Arg::multiple_values (#3772, #3797)Command::args_override_self with ArgAction::Set (#2627, #3797)AppSettings::NoAutoVersion with ArgAction or Command::disable_version_flag (#3800)AppSettings::NoHelpVersion with ArgAction or Command::disable_help_flag / Command::disable_help_subcommand (#3800)ArgMatches::{value_of, value_of_os, value_of_os_lossy, value_of_t} with ArgMatches::{get_one,remove_one} (#3753)ArgMatches::{values_of, values_of_os, values_of_os_lossy, values_of_t} with ArgMatches::{get_many,remove_many} (#3753)ArgMatches::is_valid_arg with ArgMatches::{try_get_one,try_get_many} (#3753)ArgMatches::occurrences_of with ArgMatches::value_source or ArgAction::Count (#3797)ArgMatches::is_present with ArgMatches::contains_id or ArgAction::SetTrue (#3797)ArgAction::StoreValue with ArgAction::Set or ArgAction::Append (#3797)ArgAction::IncOccurrences with ArgAction::SetTrue or ArgAction::Count (#3797)- (derive)
#[clap(parse(...))] replaced with: (#3589, #3794)
- For default parsers (no
parse attribute), deprecation warnings can be
silenced by opting into the new behavior by adding either #[clap(action)]
or #[clap(value_parser)] (ie requesting the default behavior for these
attributes). Alternatively, the unstable-v4 feature changes the default
away from parse to action/value_parser.
- For
#[clap(parse(from_flag))] replaced with #[clap(action = ArgAction::SetTrue)] (#3794)
- For
#[clap(parse(from_occurrences))] replaced with #[clap(action = ArgAction::Count)] though the field's type must be u8 (#3794)
- For
#[clap(parse(from_os_str)] for PathBuf, replace it with
#[clap(value_parser)] (as mentioned earlier this will call
value_parser!(PathBuf) which will auto-select the right ValueParser
automatically).
- For
#[clap(parse(try_from_str = ...)], replace it with #[clap(value_parser = ...)]
- For most other cases, a type implementing
TypedValueParser will be needed and specify it with #[clap(value_parser = ...)]
Features
- Parsed, typed arguments via
Arg::value_parser / ArgMatches::{get_one,get_many} (#2683, #3732)
- Several built-in
TypedValueParsers available with an API open for expansion
value_parser!(T) macro for selecting a parser for a given type (#3732) and open to expansion via the ValueParserFactory trait (#3755)[&str] is implicitly a value parser for possible values- All
ArgMatches getters do not assume required arguments (#2505)
- Add
ArgMatches::remove_* variants to transfer ownership
- Add
ArgMatches::try_* variants to avoid panics for developer errors (#3621)
- Add a
get_raw to access the underlying OsStrs
PathBuf value parsers imply ValueHint::AnyPath for completions (#3732)
- Explicit control over parsing via
Arg::action (#3774)
ArgAction::StoreValue: existing takes_value(true) behaviorArgAction::IncOccurrences: existing takes_value(false) behaviorArgAction::Help: existing --help behaviorArgAction::Version: existing --version behaviorArgAction::Set: Overwrite existing values (like Arg::multiple_occurrences mixed with Command::args_override_self) (#3777)ArgAction::Append: like Arg::multiple_occurrences (#3777)ArgAction::SetTrue: Treat --flag as --flag=true (#3775)
- Implies
Arg::default_value("false") (#3786)
- Parses
Arg::env via Arg::value_parser
ArgAction::SetFalse: Treat --flag as --flag=false (#3775)
- Implies
Arg::default_value("true") (#3786)
- Parses
Arg::env via Arg::value_parser
ArgAction::Count: Treat --flag --flag --flag as --flag=1 --flag=2 --flag=3 (#3775)
- Implies
Arg::default_value("0") (#3786)
- Parses
Arg::env via Arg::value_parser
- (derive) Opt-in to new
Arg::value_parser / Arg::action with either #[clap(value_parser)] (#3589, #3742) / #[clap(action)] attributes (#3794)
- Default
ValueParser is determined by value_parser! (#3199, #3496)
- Default
ArgAction is determine by a hard-coded lookup on the type (#3794)
Command::multicall is now stable for busybox-like programs and REPLs (#2861, #3684)ArgMatches::{try_,}contains_id for checking if there are values for an argument that mirrors the new get_{one,many} API
Fixes
- Don't correct argument id in
default_value_ifs_os(#3815)
parser
- Set
ArgMatches::value_source and ArgMatches::occurrences_of for external subcommands (#3732)
- Use value delimiter for
Arg::default_missing_values (#3761, #3765)
- Split
Arg::default_value / Arg::env on value delimiters independent of whether -- was used (#3765)
- Allow applying defaults to flags (#3294, 3775)
- Defaults no longer satisfy
required and its variants (#3793)
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Fixes
- Fix deprecated
arg_enum! for users migrating to clap3 (#3717)
- Verify all
required_unless_present_all arguments exist
- Verify group members exist before processing group members (#3711)
- (help) Use
... when not enough value_names are supplied
gated behind unstable-v4
- Verify
required is not used with conditional required settings (#3660)
- Disallow more
value_names than number_of_values (#2695)
- (parser) Assert on unknown args when using external subcommands (#3703)
- (parser) Always fill in
"" argument for external subcommands (#3263)
- (derive) Detect escaped external subcommands that look like built-in subcommands (#3703)
- (derive) Leave
Arg::id as verbatim casing (#3282)
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Fixes
- Allow value names for
arg! macro to have dashes when quoted, like longs
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Fixes
- (parser)
Arg::exclusive overrides Arg::required, like other conflicts
- (error) Don't duplicate arguments in usage
- (error) Don't show hidden arguments in conflict error usage
- (help) New
help_template variable {name} to fix problems with {bin}
- (help) Don't wrap URLs
gated behind unstable-v4
- Leading dashes in
Arg::long are no longer allowed
- (help) Use
Command::display_name in the help title rather than Command::bin_name
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Fixes
- (error) Render actual usage for unrecognized subcommands
- (multicall) Improve bad command error
- (multicall) Always require a multicall command
- (multicall) Disallow arguments on multicall parent command
- (multicall) More consistent with rest of clap errors
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Fixes
- Panic when calling
Command::build with a required positional argument nested several layers in subcommands
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Fixes
- Help subcommand and
Command::write_help now report required arguments in usage in more circumstances
- Unknown subcommand for help subcommand flag now reports an error with more context
- More details reported when using
debug feature
- Allow disabling
color feature with debug feature enabled
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Fixes
- Regression in 3.1.11 where the (output) streams were crossed
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Fixes
- Implied conflicts override
Arg::required, making the behavior consistent with how we calculate conflicts for error reporting
- Members of a mutually exclusive
ArgGroup override Arg::required, making the behavior consistent with how we calculate conflicts for error reporting
Arg::overrides_with always override Arg::required, not just when the parser processes an override
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Features
- Expose
Command::build for custom help generation or other command introspection needs
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Fixes
- Pin the
clap_derive version so a compatible version is always used with clap
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Fixes
- Add
Debug impls to more types
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Fixes
- (derive) Abort, rather than ignore, when deriving
ArgEnum with non-unit unskipped variants
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Fixes
- Don't panic when validating delimited defaults (#3541)
- Make it clearer that
cargo feature is needed
- Documentation improvements
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Fixes
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Features
- (help) Show
PossibleValue::help in long help (--help) (gated behind unstable-v4) (#3312)
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Fixes
- Don't panic when validating delimited defaults (#3514)
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Fixes
- (derive) Allow other attribute with a subcommand that has subcommands
Documentation
- (examples) List example topics
- (derive) Clarify syntax and relation to builder API
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Fixes
- Fix deprecated
arg_enum! for users migrating to clap3 (#3717)
- Verify all
required_unless_present_all arguments exist
- Verify group members exist before processing group members (#3711)
- (help) Use
... when not enough value_names are supplied
gated behind unstable-v4
- Verify
required is not used with conditional required settings (#3660)
- Disallow more
value_names than number_of_values (#2695)
- (parser) Assert on unknown args when using external subcommands (#3703)
- (parser) Always fill in
"" argument for external subcommands (#3263)
- (derive) Detect escaped external subcommands that look like built-in subcommands (#3703)
- (derive) Leave
Arg::id as verbatim casing (#3282)
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Compatibility
Changes in behavior of note that are not guaranteed to be compatible across releases:
- (help)
help subcommand shows long help like --help, rather than short help (-h), deprecated clap::AppSettings::UseLongFormatForHelpSubcommand (#3440)
- (help) Pacman-style subcommands are now ordered the same as usage errors (#3470)
- (help) Pacman-style subcommands use standard alternate syntax in usage (#3470)
Deprecations
clap::Command is now preferred over clap::App ([#3089](ht
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