Hello, when i run anchor test, it fails initializing escrow account with error "custom program error: 0x0". afaik, it means one account lack sols. But i don't know which one... I have enough SOL in the payer account for sure. I even have SOL in escrow account... WHat could it be ? Anyone has an idea ?

Hello i'm new to anchor, and I would like to understand something.

The Vault account key & authority seeds are constant, so only 1 account can be create for this program ? I'm trying to create multiple vault from the same Initializer and for the same Token, so the way to do it would be to pass an UUID as seed ?

Thank you

Before anything, I would like to appreciate this code and the article related.

I'm following line by line the article but I'm getting this error when running the second test Initialize program state

 anchor-escrow
    ✔ Initialize program state (5011ms)
Transaction simulation failed: Error processing Instruction 1: custom program error: 0xbc4
    Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
    Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success
    Program CL5TkCxmuTq47U2WGtTGhp3rPEVsYgDewXUyRJfqACzK invoke [1]
    Program log: Instruction: Initialize
    Program log: Custom program error: 0xbc4
    Program CL5TkCxmuTq47U2WGtTGhp3rPEVsYgDewXUyRJfqACzK consumed 6964 of 200000 compute units
    Program CL5TkCxmuTq47U2WGtTGhp3rPEVsYgDewXUyRJfqACzK failed: custom program error: 0xbc4
    1) Initialize escrow
    ✔ Exchange escrow state
    ✔ Initialize escrow and cancel escrow


  3 passing (5s)
  1 failing

  1) anchor-escrow
       Initialize escrow:
     Error: 3012: The program expected this account to be already initialized
      at Function.parse (node_modules/@project-serum/anchor/src/error.ts:41:14)
      at Object.rpc [as initialize] (node_modules/@project-serum/anchor/src/program/namespace/rpc.ts:32:42)
      at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:95:5)

Any help would be much appreciated.

Hi ! I would like to write a rust contract for a NFT purchase action, using this example as a base. My questions :

1. For the NFT's royalties, do we need to code it manually or is it implicit in an instruction ?
2. If i understand well, instead of using spl_token::instruction::transfer for transfering Tokens, there is another instruction to be used to transfer SOL ? (or should i use SOL as an SPL Token ?) Thanks !

Hi @ironaddicteddog, Anchor recently identified a security issue which was fixed in Anchor v0.24.2 and using a version lower than that will cause this error in Cargo.toml

failed to select a version for the requirement anchor-lang = "^0.22.0" candidate versions found which didn't match: 0.24.2 location searched: crates.io index

The current escrow program is at Anchor v0.22.0 and it's best to bump to Anchor v0.24.2.

Can make a PR if you want.

hi @ironaddicteddog, this is more of a question than an actual issue I want to use the contract to exchange tokens. My plan is as follows, however I'm unsuccessful initializing the contract.

logs: [
    'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]',
    'Create Account: account Address { address: 2yTRYBq58ZMgudQcEp18UnsCBPTUx9a12ZnzZ7N7v9hQ, base: None } already in use',
    'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 failed: custom program error: 0x0'
  ]

Note: 2yTRYBq58ZMgudQcEp18UnsCBPTUx9a12ZnzZ7N7v9hQ is the contract address in the lib.rs

1. Deploy program ✅ 2yTRYBq58ZMgudQcEp18UnsCBPTUx9a12ZnzZ7N7v9hQ
2. Create Token A DhS6x9pTrfCeY8iwkRdGstxUuphbeHqddT2vZSWRw3d2 and Token B HpdLmjjxD8YZav2S1aastqyLsKDUb1ToLDfq4hPsLBoc ✅
3. Create token accounts Token A account Cj6cMp4xfAaCFegMg9G7GQaZWqYbQqgmu7Vjd4BbGYHh, Token B account HpdLmjjxD8YZav2S1aastqyLsKDUb1ToLDfq4hPsLBoc✅
4. Initialize contract ❌.
5. Exchange tokens

I've written following script to initialize the contract.

import * as anchor from '@project-serum/anchor';
import { PublicKey, SystemProgram, Transaction, Connection, Commitment } from '@solana/web3.js';
import { TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID, Token } from "@solana/spl-token";
import { 
    escrowAccount, 
    initializerMainAccount, 
    initializerTokenAccountA, 
    initializerTokenAccountB, 
    mintAPublicKey, 
    mintBPublicKey } from './accounts'
import NodeWallet from '@project-serum/anchor/dist/cjs/nodewallet';

const takerAmount = 1000;
const initializerAmount = 500;

const commitment: Commitment = 'processed';
const connection = new Connection('https://api.devnet.solana.com', { commitment, wsEndpoint: 'wss://api.devnet.solana.com/' });
// const connection = new Connection('http://127.0.0.1:8899', { commitment, wsEndpoint: 'wss://127.0.0.1:8899/' });
const options = anchor.Provider.defaultOptions();
const wallet = new NodeWallet(initializerMainAccount);
const provider = new anchor.Provider(connection, wallet, options);

anchor.setProvider(provider);
// Read the generated IDL.
const idl = JSON.parse(
    require("fs").readFileSync("./tests/keypair/anchor_escrow.json", "utf8")
  );
  
// Address of the deployed program.
const programId = new anchor.web3.PublicKey("2yTRYBq58ZMgudQcEp18UnsCBPTUx9a12ZnzZ7N7v9hQ");

// Generate the program client from IDL.
const program = new anchor.Program(idl, programId);
  
const initEscrow = async () => {
    const [_vault_account_pda, _vault_account_bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
        [Buffer.from(anchor.utils.bytes.utf8.encode("token-seed"))],
        program.programId,
    );
    const vault_account_pda = _vault_account_pda;
    const vault_account_bump = _vault_account_bump;

    const [_vault_authority_pda, _vault_authority_bump] = await PublicKey.findProgramAddress(
        [Buffer.from(anchor.utils.bytes.utf8.encode("escrow"))],
        program.programId,
    );
    // DEBUG BEGIN
    // console.info(`initializerMainAccount: ` + JSON.stringify(initializerMainAccount, null, 2));
    // console.info(`Escrow account: ` + JSON.stringify(escrowAccount));
    console.info(`Mint A: ` + mintAPublicKey.toBase58());
    console.info(`Mint B: ` + mintBPublicKey.toBase58());
    console.info(`TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID: ` + TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID);
    console.info(`SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY: ` + anchor.web3.SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY);

    // DEBUG CONSOLE END
    await program.rpc.initialize(
        vault_account_bump,
        new anchor.BN(initializerAmount),
        new anchor.BN(takerAmount),
        {
            accounts: {
                initializer: initializerMainAccount.publicKey,
                mint: mintAPublicKey,
                vaultAccount: vault_account_pda,
                initializerDepositTokenAccount: initializerTokenAccountA,
                initializerReceiveTokenAccount: initializerTokenAccountB,
                escrowAccount: escrowAccount.publicKey,
                systemProgram: anchor.web3.SystemProgram.programId,
                rent: anchor.web3.SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY,
                tokenProgram: TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID,
            },
            instructions: [
                await program.account.escrowAccount.createInstruction(escrowAccount),
            ],
            signers: [escrowAccount, initializerMainAccount],
        }
    );
}

initEscrow();

Long version of the error output is

➜  anchor-escrow git:(master) ✗ ts-node tests/init2.ts
Mint A: DhS6x9pTrfCeY8iwkRdGstxUuphbeHqddT2vZSWRw3d2
Mint B: HpdLmjjxD8YZav2S1aastqyLsKDUb1ToLDfq4hPsLBoc
TOKEN_PROGRAM_ID: TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA
SYSVAR_RENT_PUBKEY: SysvarRent111111111111111111111111111111111
Transaction simulation failed: Error processing Instruction 0: custom program error: 0x0 
    Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]
    Create Account: account Address { address: 2yTRYBq58ZMgudQcEp18UnsCBPTUx9a12ZnzZ7N7v9hQ, base: None } already in use
    Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 failed: custom program error: 0x0
/Users/tuncatunc/git/anchor-escrow/node_modules/@solana/web3.js/src/connection.ts:3961
      throw new SendTransactionError(
            ^
SendTransactionError: failed to send transaction: Transaction simulation failed: Error processing Instruction 0: custom program error: 0x0
    at Connection.sendEncodedTransaction (/Users/tuncatunc/git/anchor-escrow/node_modules/@solana/web3.js/src/connection.ts:3961:13)
    at processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:96:5)
    at async Connection.sendRawTransaction (/Users/tuncatunc/git/anchor-escrow/node_modules/@solana/web3.js/src/connection.ts:3918:20)
    at async sendAndConfirmRawTransaction (/Users/tuncatunc/git/anchor-escrow/node_modules/@solana/web3.js/src/util/send-and-confirm-raw-transaction.ts:27:21)
    at async Provider.send (/Users/tuncatunc/git/anchor-escrow/node_modules/@project-serum/anchor/src/provider.ts:118:18)
    at async Object.rpc [as initialize] (/Users/tuncatunc/git/anchor-escrow/node_modules/@project-serum/anchor/src/program/namespace/rpc.ts:25:23) {
  logs: [
    'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]',
    'Create Account: account Address { address: 2yTRYBq58ZMgudQcEp18UnsCBPTUx9a12ZnzZ7N7v9hQ, base: None } already in use',
    'Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 failed: custom program error: 0x0'
  ]
}

This is a long post Thx a lot in advance for writing this contract to guide solana contract devs.

BR

Hi - Thank you for the Anchor Escrow article. I was able to build the program successfully but am failing all the test cases. The first test initialize program state fails with this error "Transaction simulation failed: Attempt to debit an account but found no record of a prior credit." I am attempting to run this on devnet with anchor-cli 0.20.1

I tried to test this smart contract using "anchor test" command.

  /home/remote3/development/solana/anchor-escrow/target/deploy/anchor_escrow-keypair.json

Found a 'test' script in the Anchor.toml. Running it as a test suite!

Running test suite: "/home/remote3/development/solana/anchor-escrow/Anchor.toml"

Unable to get latest blockhash. Test validator does not look started. Check .anchor/test-ledger/test-ledger-log.txt for errors. Consider increasing [test.startup_wait] in Anchor.toml.

I am using anchor-0.25.0.

Please help me.

Hi - This is more of a question than an issue. If I wanted to start multiple such exchanges as described in your blog, I am assuming multiple Escrow accounts and vault accounts would be created. Does this statement lend to creating multiple vault accounts?

let (vault_authority, _vault_authority_bump) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[ESCROW_PDA_SEED], ctx.program_id);

Since the ESCROW_PDA_SEED is fixed as "escrow", and the program_id is fixed, would it connect to the same vault in all such exchanges? Something like this - seeds = [b"escrow", user.key().as_ref()]

Do we need to add, lets say the first user as part of the seed, so it creates and finds those vault accounts specific to those users when called?

When running anchor test:

thread 'main' panicked at 'Code not parseable: Error("bump targets should not be provided with init. Please use bump without a target.")', lang/syn/src/idl/file.rs:353:58
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

Seems due to the breaking changes: https://github.com/project-serum/anchor/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md

Hello, I'm able to run the script with CLI. But i'm not able to find a way to call the program with classic javascript, could we find somewhere an example of that ? Thank you in advance !

Hello, I'm working on a separate (non-escrow) project, and been using this as a reference.

I am facing an issue when trying to transfer the Token Account authority. In this codebase, this is relevant to the authority transfer of vault_account on Line 45 of lib.rs.

Note: I am using different versions of anchor-spl, version 0.25.0, however I haven't found reason to believe this is the source of the issue.

In my example, the equivalent to Line 156 of test.ts fails as the _vault.owner address is the Token Program, not the program PDA.

Any help is appreciated, thanks.